1. Takaitaccen Bayani
Zaren ciki da raƙuman ruwa masu tsayi ke amfani da shi kuma aka zaɓa don amfani da shi an gyara shi ta hanyarƙusoshin yau da kullunda kuma ƙulle-ƙulle masu kulle kansu, waɗanda aka daidaita ta hanyar dabarun matsewa daban-daban, kuma ana nazarin bambanci tsakanin ƙulle-ƙulle masu ɗaurewa da ƙulle-ƙulle masu ɗaurewa masu ɗaurewa. Sakamako: Hanyar daidaita ƙulle-ƙulle da ƙulle-ƙulle za ta sami fasalulluka daban-daban na daidaitawa, sikelin lokacin kulle sarkar yana sa daidaita kai da kuma daidaita kai na daidaita kai ya haifar da manufofi daban-daban. Saboda lanƙwasa motsi na yau da kullun, fasalulluka daban-daban na halaye da aka samu za su matsa zuwa dama.
2. Falsafar Gwaji
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyar ultrasonic sosai a cikin maganin gargajiya.gwajin ƙarfin axial na ƙullina wurin ɗaurewa na tsarin mota, wato, ana samun lanƙwasa halayyar alaƙa (lanƙwasa daidaitawar bolt) tsakanin ƙarfin axial na bolt da bambancin lokacin sauti na ultrasonic a gaba, kuma ana gudanar da gwajin da ke gaba na tsarin sashin na ainihi. Ana iya samun ƙarfin axial na bolt a cikin haɗin matsewa ta hanyar auna bambancin lokacin sauti na bolt ta hanyar ultrasonic da kuma komawa ga lanƙwasa daidaitawa. Saboda haka, samun lanƙwasa daidai yana da mahimmanci musamman don daidaiton sakamakon auna ƙarfin axial na bolt a cikin tsarin sashin na ainihi. A halin yanzu, hanyoyin gwajin ultrasonic sun haɗa da hanyar raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya (watau hanyar raƙuman ruwa na tsayi) da hanyar raƙuman ruwa na tsayi.
A cikin tsarin daidaita ƙulli, akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar sakamakon daidaitawa, kamar tsayin mannewa, zafin jiki, saurin injin matsewa, kayan aikin gyara, da sauransu. A halin yanzu, hanyar daidaita ƙulli da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce hanyar matsewa ta juyawa. Ana daidaita ƙulli a kan bencin gwajin ƙulli, wanda ke buƙatar samar da kayan tallafi don firikwensin ƙarfin axial, waɗanda sune farantin matsi da kuma wurin da aka saka ramin zare na ciki. Aikin wurin da aka saka ramin zare na ciki shine Maye gurbin goro na yau da kullun. Ana amfani da ƙirar hana kwancewa a wuraren haɗin ɗaurewa tare da babban abin tsaro na chassis na mota don tabbatar da amincin matsewa. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan hana kwancewa da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu shine goro mai kulle kansa, wato, goro mai kullewa mai inganci.
Marubucin ya yi amfani da hanyar raƙuman ruwa na tsayi kuma ya yi amfani da abin da aka yi da zare na ciki don zaɓar goro na yau da kullun da goro mai kulle kansa don daidaita ƙullin. Ta hanyar dabarun matsewa da hanyoyin daidaitawa daban-daban, an yi nazarin bambanci tsakanin goro na yau da kullun da goro mai kulle kansa don daidaita ƙullin ƙullin. Gwajin ƙarfin axial na mannewar ƙananan tsarin motoci yana ba da wasu shawarwari.
Gwada ƙarfin axial na ƙusoshin ta hanyar fasahar ultrasonic hanya ce ta gwaji kai tsaye. Dangane da ƙa'idar sonoelasticity, saurin yaɗuwar sauti a cikin daskararru yana da alaƙa da damuwa, don haka ana iya amfani da raƙuman ultrasonic don samun ƙarfin axial na ƙusoshin [5-8]. Ƙofar za ta miƙe kanta yayin aikin matsewa, kuma a lokaci guda tana haifar da matsin lamba na axial. Za a watsa bugun ultrasonic daga kan ƙusoshin zuwa wutsiya. Saboda canjin kwatsam a cikin yawan matsakaici, zai dawo ta hanyar asali, kuma saman ƙusoshin zai karɓi siginar ta hanyar yumbu na piezoelectric. Bambancin lokaci Δt. An nuna zane-zanen gwaji na ultrasonic a cikin Hoto na 1. Bambancin lokaci yana daidai da tsayin daka.
Gwada ƙarfin axial na ƙusoshin ta hanyar fasahar ultrasonic hanya ce ta gwaji kai tsaye. Dangane da ƙa'idar sonoelasticity, saurin yaɗuwar sauti a cikin daskararru yana da alaƙa da damuwa, don haka ana iya amfani da raƙuman ultrasonic don samunƙarfin axial na kusoshi. Ƙullun zai miƙe kansa yayin aikin matsewa, kuma a lokaci guda yana haifar da matsin lamba na axial. Za a watsa bugun ultrasonic daga kan ƙulle zuwa wutsiya. Saboda canjin kwatsam a cikin yawan matsakaici, zai dawo ta hanyar asali, kuma saman ƙulle zai karɓi siginar ta hanyar yumbu na piezoelectric. Bambancin lokaci Δt. An nuna zane-zanen gwajin ultrasonic a cikin Hoto na 1. Bambancin lokaci ya yi daidai da tsayin daka.
M12 mm × 1.75 mm × 100 mm sannan kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙusoshin, yi amfani da ƙusoshin yau da kullun don gyara ƙusoshin guda 5, da farko yi amfani da gwajin anga kai tare da nau'ikan manna solder daban-daban, farantin karkace ne na wucin gadi don daidaita flange da dannawa Lokacin duba raƙuman farko (wato, yin rikodin L0 na asali), sannan a dunƙule shi zuwa 100 N m+30° tare da kayan aiki ɗaya (wanda ake kira hanyar nau'in I), ɗayan kuma shine a duba raƙuman farko kuma a dunƙule shi zuwa girman da aka nufa da bindiga mai matsewa (wanda ake kira hanyar nau'in I). Don hanyar nau'i na biyu), za a sami wani nau'i a cikin wannan tsari (kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 4) 5 shine ƙusoshin yau da kullun da hanyar kulle kai Lanƙwasa bayan daidaitawa bisa ga hanyar nau'in I Hoto na 6 shine nau'in kulle kai. Hoto na 6 aji ne mai kulle kai. Lanƙwasa na Aji na I da na Aji na II. Hanyar amfani na iya zama, yi amfani da lanƙwasa na musamman na ajin anga na gama gari, daidai yake (duk suna wucewa ta asalin tare da ƙimar sashe ɗaya da adadin maki); kulle nau'in ma'aunin nau'in ma'aunin anga (nau'in I da alamar anga, gangaren bambancin tazara da adadin maki); sami kamanceceniya)
Gwaji na 3 shine a saita daidaitawar Y3 na Tsarin Zane a cikin software na kayan aikin tattara bayanai azaman daidaitawar zafin jiki (ta amfani da firikwensin zafin jiki na waje), saita nisan da ba a yi aiki da shi ba na bolt zuwa 60 mm don daidaitawa, sannan a rubuta ƙarfin juyi/axial/zazzabi da lanƙwasa kusurwar. Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 8, za a iya ganin cewa tare da ci gaba da sukurori na bolt, zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa akai-akai, kuma ana iya ɗaukar hauhawar zafin a matsayin layi. An zaɓi samfuran ƙulli huɗu don daidaitawa tare da goro masu kulle kansu. Hoto na 9 yana nuna lanƙwasa na daidaitawa na ƙulli huɗu. Za a iya ganin cewa duk lanƙwasa huɗu an fassara su zuwa dama, amma matakin fassarar ya bambanta. Tebur na 2 yana rubuta nisan da lanƙwasa na daidaitawa ke canzawa zuwa dama da ƙaruwar zafin jiki yayin aikin matsewa. Za a iya ganin cewa matakin lanƙwasa na daidaitawa yana canzawa zuwa dama daidai yake da ƙaruwar zafin jiki.
3. Kammalawa da Tattaunawa
Ana fuskantar haɗin gwiwar matsin lamba na axial da matsin lamba na juyawa yayin matsewa, kuma ƙarfin da ya biyo baya na biyun a ƙarshe yana sa ƙullin ya yi ƙarfi. A cikin daidaita ƙullin, ƙarfin axial na ƙullin ne kawai aka nuna akan lanƙwasa daidaitawa don samar da ƙarfin mannewa na tsarin ɗaurewa. Ana iya gani daga sakamakon gwaji a Hoto na 5 cewa, kodayake goro ne mai kulle kansa, idan an rubuta tsawon farko bayan an juya ƙullin da hannu zuwa wurin da zai dace da saman ɗaukar nauyin farantin matsi, sakamakon lanƙwasa na daidaitawa ya yi daidai da na goro na yau da kullun. Wannan yana nuna cewa a cikin wannan yanayin, tasirin ƙarfin kulle kansa na goro mai kulle kansa ba shi da yawa.
Idan an matse ƙullin kai tsaye a cikin goro mai kulle kansa da bindiga mai amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙullin zai koma dama gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 6. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙarfin kulle kansa yana shafar bambancin lokacin sauti a cikin ƙullin daidaitawa. Ka lura da ɓangaren farko na ƙullin da aka canza zuwa dama, yana nuna cewa ƙarfin axial har yanzu ba a samar da shi ba a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa ƙullin yana da wani adadin tsawaitawa, ko ƙarfin axial yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, wanda yayi daidai da cewa ba a matse ƙullin akan firikwensin ƙarfin axial ba. A bayyane yake cewa tsawaita ƙullin a wannan lokacin shine tsawaitawa ta ƙarya, ba tsawaitawa ta gaske ba. Dalilin tsawaitawa ta ƙarya shine cewa zafi da ƙarfin kulle kansa ke samarwa yayin aikin matse iska yana shafar yaɗuwar raƙuman ultrasonic, wanda ke nuna akan ƙullin. Yana nuna cewa an tsawaita ƙullin, yana nuna cewa zafin yana da tasiri akan raƙuman ultrasonic. Ga Hoto na 6, ana amfani da goro mai kulle kansa don daidaitawa, amma dalilin da yasa lanƙwasa daidaitawa ba ya canzawa zuwa dama shine kodayake akwai gogayya lokacin da ake yin sukurori a cikin goro mai kulle kansa, ana samar da zafi, amma an haɗa zafi a cikin rikodin tsawon farko na ƙulli. An share shi, kuma lokacin daidaita ƙulli yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci (yawanci ƙasa da 5s), don haka tasirin zafin jiki ba ya bayyana akan lanƙwasa halayyar daidaitawa.
Ana iya gani daga binciken da ke sama cewa gogayya a cikin zaren iska yana sa zafin ƙugiya ya tashi, wanda ke rage saurin raƙuman ultrasonic, wanda ke bayyana a matsayin juyawa a layi ɗaya na lanƙwasa daidaitawa zuwa dama. Juyawa, waɗanda duka suna daidai da zafi da gogayya ta zare ta haifar, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 10. A cikin Tebur na 2, ana ƙididdige girman canjin dama na lanƙwasa daidaitawa da ƙaruwar zafin ƙugiya a lokacin duk tsarin matsewa. Ana iya ganin cewa girman canjin dama na lanƙwasa daidaitawa ya yi daidai da matakin ƙaruwar zafin jiki, kuma yana da alaƙar daidaiton layi. Rabon shine kusan 10.1. Idan aka ɗauka cewa zafin jiki ya ƙaru da 10°C, bambancin lokacin sauti yana ƙaruwa da 101ns, daidai da ƙarfin axial na 24.4kN akan lanƙwasa daidaitawar ƙugiya M12. Daga mahangar zahiri, an bayyana cewa ƙaruwar zafin jiki zai sa kadarar sautin kayan ƙugiya ta canza, don haka saurin raƙuman ultrasonic ta cikin matsakaicin ƙugiya ya canza sannan ya shafi lokacin yaɗuwar ultrasonic.
4. Shawara
Lokacin amfani da goro na yau da kullun da kumagoro mai kulle kansaDon daidaita lanƙwasa na siffar ƙugiya, za a sami lanƙwasa na halaye daban-daban na daidaitawa saboda hanyoyi daban-daban. Ƙarfin matsewa na goro mai kulle kansa yana ƙara zafin ƙugiya, wanda ke ƙara bambancin lokacin ultrasonic, kuma lanƙwasa na halayen daidaitawa da aka samu zai canza zuwa dama a layi ɗaya.
A lokacin gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, ya kamata a kawar da tasirin zafin jiki akan raƙuman ultrasonic gwargwadon iko, ko kuma a ɗauki hanyar daidaitawa iri ɗaya a matakai biyu na daidaita ƙugiya da gwajin ƙarfin axial.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-19-2022
