Idan aka kwatanta, an gabatar da mafi kyawun tsarin injin tsabtace injin tsabtace mai haɗakar goro mai tsaye. Ana iya duba manyan ƙusoshi da ƙusoshi sau ɗaya kawai. Ka'idar Ka'ida Ka'idar ƙa'idar tana amfani da mai shimfiɗa don ɗaga ƙusoshin a tsaye cikin aikin lodawa da sauke kaya. Ƙa'idar aiki tana biye da ƙa'idar. Gano da gano da samar da zane na ci gaban zare, samfurin yana da ƙarancin sharar rediyoaktif kuma yana mamaye ƙaramin yanki. An yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki cikin nasara a fagen wutar lantarki ta nukiliya, kuma yana iya biyan buƙatun manyan ƙusoshin jirgin ruwa na matsin lamba na reactor.
Wasu wakilan babban maƙallin RPV da ke akwai da kumagoroInjin tsaftacewa sune kamar haka:
(1) Injin wanki na ƙarni na farko na CNNC Wuhan Nuclear Power Operation Technology Co., Ltd. (wanda daga baya ake kira CNPO) ya ɗauki nau'in kwance.
(2) Cibiyar Fasaha ta Optoelectronic, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta China ta amince da tsaftace kwance, kuma an haɗa kayan aikin.
(3) Cibiyar Bincike da Zane-zane ta Makamashin Nukiliya ta China ta amince da tsaftace tsaye.
1. Tambayar Bincike
Bayan da aka shafe lokaci ana aiki da na'urar matsi ta tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya, man fetur da sauran datti sun yi tabo a kan bututunmanyan kusoshikuma an ƙarfafa goro a cikin yanayi mai zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa. Idan ba a tsaftace su akan lokaci ba, a gefe guda, yana iya haifar da kama zare, kuma a gefe guda, zai shafi binciken da za a yi a cikin aiki, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar sigina da rashin fahimta. Tsaftace manyan bolts da goro na RPV yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan tabbatar da cewa manyan bolts na RPV suna cikin yanayi mai aminci da aminci na dogon lokaci. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a tsaftace manyan bolts da goro na RPV yadda ya kamata.
Domin inganta ingancin injin tsaftacewa da kuma biyan buƙatun tashar wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin sararin bene, ƙarancin ruwan sharar gida da kuma aminci mai yawa, bayan cikakken kwatancen, an kammala da cewa injin tsaftacewa mai tsaye tare da tsarin haɗaka mai ƙarfi shine mafi kyawun mafita.
Saboda haka, mun ƙirƙiro injin tsaftace bututun RPV mai tsayi da injin tsaftacewa mai ƙarfi tare da babban matakin sarrafa kansa, wanda zai iya kammala lodawa da sauke goro ta atomatik, tsaftace bututun da goro da busar da iska, da kuma duba gani na injin zare da kuma shafa man shafawa a cikin injin ɗagawa ɗaya.
2. Manyan Matsalolin
A cikin wannan binciken, bisa ga gadon fasahar gama gari da nasarorin ilimi na injunan tsaftacewa na kwance da kuma tabbatar da tasirin tsaftacewa, an inganta tsarin tsaftacewa, da kuma babban ƙulli na RPV dagoro a tsayeAn tsara kuma an haɓaka injin tsaftacewa tare da babban matakin sarrafa kansa, musamman gami da waɗannan fannoni:
(1) Tsarin hanyar ɗagawa na haɗa ƙulli.
(2) Tsarin hanyar aiwatar da lodawa da sauke goro ta atomatik.
(3) Tsarin hanyar aiwatarwa na tsaftace kusoshi da goro a tsaye a lokaci guda.
(4) Tsarin hanyar aiwatar da duba hangen nesa na na'urar zare.
(5) Tsarin aiwatar da tsarin sarrafawa.
3. Tsarin Bincike da Hanyarsa
Babban injin tsaftacewa na tsaye na ƙulli da goro yana da ayyukan lodawa da sauke goro ta atomatik, tsaftace zare, busar da iska, duba zaren ƙulli na inji ta hanyar amfani da mai.
Tsarin injin wanki yana da matuƙar haɗin kai, kuma babban tsarin shine kamar haka: Na'urar tsaftace ƙugiya da goro tana tsakiyar injin wanki, kuma famfon gear don cire ruwan sharar an shirya shi a ƙasan ɓangaren, kuma an sanya tankin ajiyar ruwa da matattarar tsarin zagayawa na ruwa na tsaftacewa bi da bi a cikin akwatin hagu. , famfon maganadisu, tankin ruwan shara da fanka da matattarar iska mai ƙarfi da tsarin fitar da hayaki. An sanya ɓangaren ɗaukar hoto a wajen akwatin tsaftace ƙugiya don duba hangen nesa na injin zare. An sanya tsarin cantilever a saman kabad, kuma ana amfani da allon nuni da aka sanya a ƙarshen cantilever don aikin kayan aiki. Ana wanke ƙugiya a bayan akwatin don shigar da abubuwan sarrafawa. An sanya ƙofa mai rufewa a gaban akwatin tsaftace ƙugiya, kuma an sanya gilashi a ƙofar don sauƙaƙe lura da yanayin tsaftacewa. Ana danna ƙofar da aka rufe a maki 3 don tabbatar da tasirin rufewa (duba hoton da ke ƙasa).
Manyan fa'idodin wannan injin tsaftacewa sune:
(1) Ana iya kammala dukkan ayyuka a cikin ɗagawa ɗaya.
(2) Ana iya loda goro da sauke shi ta atomatik.
(3) Tsaftace goro da ƙusoshin tsaye a lokaci guda.
(4) Yana da aikin duba hangen nesa na injin zare kuma yana samar da zane-zanen ci gaban zare.
Za a gabatar da tsarin aiwatar da waɗannan manyan fa'idodi da ayyuka dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
3.1 Ɗaga Haɗin Bolt
Ana ɗaga ƙulli da goro daga kwandon ajiyar ƙulli zuwa babban tiren ƙulli a cikin injin tsabtace ƙulli da goro ta hanyar na'urar shimfidawa ta musamman mai siffar C (duba Hoto na 2).
3.2 Lodawa da sauke goro ta atomatik
(1) Kayan aiki
An haɗa na'urar ɗaukar kaya da sauke goro ta atomatik a cikin akwatin tsaftacewa. Ya ƙunshi tsarin tuƙi na bolt, tsarin ɗaga goro da kuma tsarin manne bolt.
Injin tuƙin ƙulli ya ƙunshi babban tiren ƙulli da injin tuƙin ƙulli.
Tsarin ɗaga goro ya ƙunshi babban abin gyara goro, abin zamiya mai tuƙi, abin zamiya mai bin diddigi, sukurin trapezoidal, axis na gani mai jagora da kuma injin tuƙi mai sukuri.
Ana amfani da hanyar ɗaure stud don gyara babban maƙallin sukurori a cikin akwatin. Tsarin maƙallin baka ne mai zagaye biyu kuma an sanya shi a kan firam ɗin ciki na akwatin tsaftacewa.
(2) Gaskiyar aiki
Loda goro da sauke ƙofofi, goro, goro, tsarin aiki, na iya zama tsari, zai iya tabbatar da cewa zaren bai lalace ba. A lokaci guda, masu amfani a lokaci guda
Tsarin cire goro kamar haka:
Babban ƙulli yana juyawa akasin agogo, allurar tana juyawa, goro tana juyawa, allurar tana juyawa, sannan tana juyawa a cikin alkiblar da'ira, tana juyawa kawai, kuma tana iya motsawa ne kawai a cikin alkiblar juyawa, yayin da take tafiya a kan axis, jagorar motsi tana tashi kuma sandar tana tuƙa juyawa, Sanya abin zamiya na abin zamiya na abin zamiya iri ɗaya iri ɗaya iri ɗaya na abin zamiya ...
Goro yana rabuwa da sashin zare, babban ƙulli, babban ƙulli yana juyawa, juyawa mai aiki, da motsi, kuma, tare da bin diddigin, tare da toshewar zamiya, yana tura hulɗa, turawa, turawa toshewar zamiya mai bibiyar ...
An shigar da shirin kuma akasin haka.
Tsaftacewa galibi an raba ta zuwa tsaftace zare na ciki na babban goro da kuma tsaftace zare na waje mai matakai uku na babban goro. Tunda babban goro yana nan kai tsaye a saman babban goro, domin hana ruwan tsaftacewa da ke kwarara daga babban goro gurɓata ƙusoshin da aka tsaftace, bayan an gama tsaftace ƙusoshin da goro, ƙusoshin suna ƙara matakin wankewa.
(1)Tsaftace goro
Ana yin aikin tsaftace goro ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar burushin tsaftace goro da kuma hanyar ɗaga goro. Ana sanya burushin tsaftace goro da injin tuƙi a saman murfin injin tsaftacewa.
Goga mai tsaftace goro galibi yana ƙunshe da kan goga mai tsaftacewa, babban shaft da silinda mai tallafi. Kan goga mai tsaftacewa tsari ne na centrifugal. Idan ba ya juyawa, diamita na waje na goga mai tsaftacewa ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da diamita na ciki na goro. Lokacin da kan goga ya juya, wurin zama mai gyara goga yana buɗewa ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin centrifugal, kuma goga mai nailan da aka sanya akan wurin gyara yana kusa da goro. Saman zaren ciki na goro.
Kafin a tsaftace goro, ana amfani da hanyar ɗaga goro don ɗaga goro a saka shi cikin kan goga mai tsaftacewa, sannan a fara kunna injin goge goge na goro don juya kan goga mai tsaftacewa. Yayin da kan goga ke juyawa, babban goro yana motsawa sama da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin injin ɗagawa, don tsaftace dukkan sashin zare.
(2)Tsaftace Bolt
Na'urar tsaftace ƙulli ta ƙunshi babban abin da aka haɗa da buroshin naɗawa, injin jujjuya buroshin naɗawa, na'urar gyara ƙulli da kuma na'urar tuƙi ta babban abin da aka haɗa. An haɗa buroshin naɗawa da sandar piston ta silinda mai juyawa ta cikin sandar juyawa ta buroshin naɗawa. Lokacin da aka tura sandar piston ta silinda mai juyawa, sai buroshin naɗawa ya yi kusa da sashin zare na babban abin da aka saka, kuma idan aka ja shi, sai buroshin naɗawa ya yi nesa da babban abin da aka saka. Injin tuƙi na buroshin naɗawa yana tura buroshin naɗawa don ya juya ta cikin abin da aka saka a bel.
Lokacin tsaftace manyan kusoshin, babban injin tuƙin bolt yana tuƙa manyan kusoshin da ke kan tire don juyawa, silinda mai juyawa yana motsa taron burushin rola kusa da zaren babban ƙulli mai sassa uku, yana kunna injin tuƙin burushin rola, kuma burushin rola yana juyawa akan saman babban ƙulli. Sannan ana iya tsaftace manyan ƙulli.
A lokacin aikin tsaftacewa, tsarin zagayawar ruwa na tsaftacewa yana ba da ruwan tsaftacewa zuwa bututun feshi na ruwa, kuma ana sanya bututun feshi da yawa a kan bututun feshi na ruwa don fesa ruwan tsaftacewa daidai gwargwado a saman ƙulli.
4. Matsaloli da Mafita
A cikin binciken da tsarawa, domin tabbatar da aikin kayan aikin, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa tare da jikin kwaikwayon ƙugiya da goro bayan an ƙera kayan aikin, kuma an sami wasu matsaloli yayin aikin, kuma an ɗauki mafita masu dacewa.
(1) Zubar da akwatin tsaftacewa
Tunda kayan aikin tsari ne a tsaye, wannan yana ƙara buƙatar ƙarin buƙatu akan rufe akwatin. A lokacin tsaftacewa, an gano cewa wani ɓangare na ruwan tsaftacewa ya fantsama zuwa ɓangaren ciki na ƙofar da ba ta da iska da kuma firam ɗin, sannan ya gangara ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da zubewa. Yi waɗannan matakan a wannan fanni:
(2) A duk lokacin da ake tsaftacewa da busar da iska, fanka koyaushe tana cikin yanayin tsotsa don tabbatar da cewa matsin lamba a cikin akwatin tsaftacewa ya yi ƙasa da matsin yanayi kuma yana cikin yanayin matsin lamba mara kyau, wanda hakan ke hana kwararar ruwa da iskar sharar gida a cikin akwatin yadda ya kamata, kuma yana tabbatar da amincin masu aiki gaba ɗaya.
(3) An fesa saman sassan bakin karfe da ke cikin ƙofar da aka rufe ta akwatin tsaftacewa da wani abin rufe fuska mai kama da ruwa, kuma ana yi wa gilashin ƙofar magani da maganin hana ruwa shiga, ta yadda digo-digo na ruwan da aka fesa a kan ƙofar da aka rufe yayin aikin tsaftacewa ba zai manne da allon ƙofar da gilashin ba, ta haka ne zai inganta matsalar faɗuwar ruwan da ya rage a kan allon ƙofar.
(2) Lamarin zamewar Bolt
Da farko, babban tiren ƙulli yana amfani da tsarin tsarin haɗa faranti na roba a kan sassan ƙarfe. Idan ƙarfin tuƙi ya yi yawa, robar da ƙasan ƙulli za su zame kuma su taka rawar kariya.
A farkon matakin aiki, an yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin hanyar tsaftacewa, kuma tasirin babban bututun ya yi kyau; a mataki na gaba, bayan an maye gurbin hanyar tsaftacewa da ruwan tsaftacewa da ake amfani da shi a tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na nukiliya, an gano cewa babban bututun ba za a iya tuƙa shi ba kuma ya zame. Bayan bincike, hanyar tuƙa bututun ta asali ba ta da inganci saboda tasirin mai mai na ruwan tsaftacewa.
Ta hanyar soke tsarin haɗa farantin roba a kan sassan ƙarfe a kan babban tiren ƙugiya, ana shigar da bututun mai zagaye guda huɗu kai tsaye a kan babban tiren ƙugiya. Lokacin da aka tuƙa babban ƙugiya, bututun mai zagaye guda biyu suna zamewa cikin ramin da ke ƙasan babban ƙugiya, don cimma tuƙin babban ƙugiya, idan ƙarfin tuƙi ya yi yawa, ana iya samun kariyar. A lokaci guda, babban injin servo na tuƙi yana da kariyar ƙarfin juyi. Lokacin da babban ƙarfin tuƙi ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita, zai tsaya ya yi ƙararrawa.
(4) Tasirin bushewar iska ba shi da kyau
Bayan mun gyara matsalar, mun gano cewa ba a busar da kusoshin gaba ɗaya da iska ba, kuma ana buƙatar inganta tasirin.
Ta hanyar nazarin tsarin busar da iska na kayan aikin, an gano cewa a farkon matakin aiki, buroshin naɗa bolt yana matsawa kusa kawai kuma yana juyawa da sauri lokacin da aka tsaftace bolt ɗin don cire tabo a saman. Bayan fara aikin busar da iska, buroshin naɗa bolt ɗin yana barin bolt ɗin, kuma buroshin yana busar da iska ne kawai ta hanyar iska mai saurin gudu ta matsewa.
Saboda wannan dalili, marubucin ya inganta tsarin busar da iska. Bayan tsaftacewa, lokacin da busar da iska ta fara, busar da na'urar zana tana matsawa kusa da busar sannan ta juya da sauri don cire ruwan saman. Bayan kashi 1/3 na zagayowar busar da iska, busar da na'urar zana ta bar busar ta tsaya cak, sannan ta ci gaba. Ana busar da Busar da na'urar da iska mai saurin gudu.
Aikin ya tabbatar da cewa bayan an inganta, tasirin busar da iska yana inganta sosai.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-17-2022
